THE WOLF AND THE LAMB
(Has this already happened too?)
ESCHATOLOGY.COM
The following was a question from a pastor in Virginia:
"I have a question for you. What is the deal with the wolf and lamb
dwelling together in Isaiah 11 & 65? I know it is not literal, but
what is the significance of this picture of animals at peace?"
As we both know, God felt very free to use many metaphors to describe
men. For example, men are referred to as trees:
Isaiah 60:12-14 For the nation and kingdom that will not serve
thee shall perish; yea, those nations shall be utterly wasted. {13} The
glory of Lebanon shall come unto thee, the fir tree, the pine tree, and
the box together, to beautify the place of my sanctuary; and I will make
the place of my feet glorious. {14} The sons also of them that afflicted
thee shall come bending unto thee; and all they that despised thee shall
bow themselves down at the soles of thy feet; and they shall call thee,
The city of the LORD, The Zion of the Holy One of Israel.
Isaiah 61:3 To appoint unto them that mourn in Zion, to give unto them
beauty for ashes, the oil of joy for mourning, the garment of praise for
the spirit of heaviness; that they might be called trees of righteousness,
the planting of the LORD, that he might be glorified.
Men are also referred to as waves:
Psalm 65:7 Which stilleth the noise of the seas, the noise of their
waves, and the tumult of the people.
Jeremiah 51:42 The sea is come up upon Babylon: she is covered with
the multitude of the waves thereof.
Ezekiel 26:3 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I am against
thee, O Tyrus, and will cause many nations to come up against thee, as
the sea causeth his waves to come up.
Zechariah 10:11 And he shall pass through the sea with affliction,
and shall smite the waves in the sea, and all the deeps of the river shall
dry up: and the pride of Assyria shall be brought down, and the sceptre
of Egypt shall depart away.
Luke 21:25 And there shall be signs in the sun, and in the moon, and
in the stars; and upon the earth distress of nations, with perplexity;
the sea and the waves roaring;
And even with more frequency, men are referred to as animals:
Leviticus 11:2-3 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, These are
the beasts which ye shall eat among all the beasts that are on the earth.
{3} Whatsoever parteth the hoof, and is clovenfooted, and cheweth the cud,
among the beasts, that shall ye eat.
Acts 10:11-13 And saw heaven opened, and a certain vessel descending
unto him, as it had been a great sheet knit at the four corners, and let
down to the earth: {12} Wherein were all manner of fourfooted beasts of
the earth, and wild beasts, and creeping things, and fowls of the air.
{13} And there came a voice to him, Rise, Peter; kill, and eat.
Acts 10:28 And he said unto them, Ye know how that it is an unlawful
thing for a man that is a Jew to keep company, or come unto one of another
nation; but God hath showed me that I should not call any man common or
unclean.
Ecclesiastes 3:18 I said in mine heart concerning the estate of the
sons of men, that God might manifest them, and that they might see that
they themselves are beasts.
1 Corinthians 15:32 If after the manner of men I have fought with beasts
at Ephesus, what advantageth it me, if the dead rise not? let us eat and
drink; for to morrow we die.
Titus 1:12 One of themselves, even a prophet of their own, said, The
Cretians are alway liars, evil beasts, slow bellies.
2 Peter 2:12 But these, as natural brute beasts, made to be taken and
destroyed, speak evil of the things that they understand not; and shall
utterly perish in their own corruption;
More specifically, within this category of beasts, men are referred to
as different kinds of animals:
Isaiah 56:8-11 The Lord GOD which gathereth the outcasts of Israel
saith, Yet will I gather others to him, beside those that are gathered
unto him. {9} All ye beasts of the field, come to devour, yea, all ye beasts
in the forest. {10} His watchmen are blind: they are all ignorant, they
are all dumb dogs, they cannot bark; sleeping, lying down, loving to slumber.
{11} Yea, they are greedy dogs which can never have enough, and they are
shepherds that cannot understand: they all look to their own way, every
one for his gain, from his quarter.
Isaiah 60:6-8 The multitude of camels shall cover thee, the dromedaries
of Midian and Ephah; all they from Sheba shall come: they shall bring gold
and incense; and they shall show forth the praises of the LORD. {7} All
the flocks of Kedar shall be gathered together unto thee, the rams of Nebaioth
shall minister unto thee: they shall come up with acceptance on mine altar,
and I will glorify the house of my glory. {8} Who are these that fly as
a cloud, and as the doves to their windows?
Psalms 7:1-2 Shiggaion of David, which he sang unto the LORD, concerning
the words of Cush the Benjamite. O LORD my God, in thee do I put my trust:
save me from all them that persecute me, and deliver me: {2} Lest he tear
my soul like a lion, rending it in pieces, while there is none to deliver.
Psalms 10:7-10 His mouth is full of cursing and deceit and fraud: under
his tongue is mischief and vanity. {8} He sitteth in the lurking places
of the villages: in the secret places doth he murder the innocent: his
eyes are privily set against the poor. {9} He lieth in wait secretly as
a lion in his den: he lieth in wait to catch the poor: he doth catch the
poor, when he draweth him into his net. {10} He croucheth, and humbleth
himself, that the poor may fall by his strong ones.
Proverbs 28:15 As a roaring lion, and a ranging bear; so is a wicked
ruler over the poor people.
Isaiah 5:29-30 Their roaring shall be like a lion, they shall roar like
young lions: yea, they shall roar, and lay hold of the prey, and shall
carry it away safe, and none shall deliver it. {30} And in that day they
shall roar against them like the roaring of the sea: and if one look unto
the land, behold darkness and sorrow, and the light is darkened in the
heavens thereof.
We must remember, false teachers are referred to as wolves and goats. Particularly,
here are some passages that show the wolf as a false teacher:
Genesis 49:27 Benjamin shall ravin as a wolf: in the morning he shall
devour the prey, and at night he shall divide the spoil.
Jeremiah 5:6 Wherefore a lion out of the forest shall slay them, and
a wolf of the evenings shall spoil them, a leopard shall watch over their
cities: every one that goeth out thence shall be torn in pieces: because
their transgressions are many, and their backslidings are increased.
John 10:12 But he that is an hireling, and not the shepherd, whose own
the sheep are not, seeth the wolf coming, and leaveth the sheep, and fleeth:
and the wolf catcheth them, and scattereth the sheep.
Ezekiel 22:27 Her princes in the midst thereof are like wolves ravening
the prey, to shed blood, and to destroy souls, to get dishonest gain.
Zephaniah 3:3-4 Her princes within her are roaring lions; her judges
are evening wolves; they gnaw not the bones till the morrow. {4} Her prophets
are light and treacherous persons: her priests have polluted the sanctuary,
they have done violence to the law.
Matthew 7:15 Beware of false prophets, which come to you in sheep's
clothing, but inwardly they are ravening wolves.
Matthew 10:16 Behold, I send you forth as sheep in the midst of wolves:
be ye therefore wise as serpents, and harmless as doves.
Acts 20:29 For I know this, that after my departing shall grievous wolves
enter in among you, not sparing the flock.
It is also clear that God's people are often referred to as lambs or sheep:
Numbers 27:17 Which may go out before them, and which may go in before
them, and which may lead them out, and which may bring them in; that the
congregation of the LORD be not as sheep which have no shepherd.
1 Chronicles 21:17 And David said unto God, Is it not I that commanded
the people to be numbered? even I it is that have sinned and done evil
indeed; but as for these sheep, what have they done? let thine hand, I
pray thee, O LORD my God, be on me, and on my father's house; but not on
thy people, that they should be plagued.
Psalms 44:22 Yea, for thy sake are we killed all the day long; we are
counted as sheep for the slaughter.
Psalms 74:1-2 Maschil of Asaph. O God, why hast thou cast us off for
ever? why doth thine anger smoke against the sheep of thy pasture? {2}
Remember thy congregation, which thou hast purchased of old; the rod of
thine inheritance, which thou hast redeemed; this mount Zion, wherein thou
hast dwelt.
Psalms 95:7 For he is our God; and we are the people of his pasture,
and the sheep of his hand...
Isaiah 53:6 All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every
one to his own way; and the LORD hath laid on him the iniquity of us all.
What really seems to explain the passages in Isaiah 11 and 65 are these
two passages. The first is quite long but very helpful:
Ezekiel 34 And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, {2} Son of
man, prophesy against the shepherds of Israel, prophesy, and say unto them,
Thus saith the Lord GOD unto the shepherds; Woe be to the shepherds of
Israel that do feed themselves! should not the shepherds feed the flocks?
{3} Ye eat the fat, and ye clothe you with the wool, ye kill them that
are fed: but ye feed not the flock. {4} The diseased have ye not strengthened,
neither have ye healed that which was sick, neither have ye bound up that
which was broken, neither have ye brought again that which was driven away,
neither have ye sought that which was lost; but with force and with cruelty
have ye ruled them. {5} And they were scattered, because there is no shepherd:
and they became meat to all the beasts of the field, when they were scattered.
{6} My sheep wandered through all the mountains, and upon every high hill:
yea, my flock was scattered upon all the face of the earth, and none did
search or seek after them. {7} Therefore, ye shepherds, hear the word of
the LORD; {8} As I live, saith the Lord GOD, surely because my flock became
a prey, and my flock became meat to every beast of the field, because there
was no shepherd, neither did my shepherds search for my flock, but the
shepherds fed themselves, and fed not my flock; {9} Therefore, O ye shepherds,
hear the word of the LORD; {10} Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I am against
the shepherds; and I will require my flock at their hand, and cause them
to cease from feeding the flock; neither shall the shepherds feed themselves
any more; for I will deliver my flock from their mouth, that they may not
be meat for them. {11} For thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I, even I,
will both search my sheep, and seek them out. {12} As a shepherd seeketh
out his flock in the day that he is among his sheep that are scattered;
so will I seek out my sheep, and will deliver them out of all places where
they have been scattered in the cloudy and dark day. {13} And I will bring
them out from the people, and gather them from the countries, and will
bring them to their own land, and feed them upon the mountains of Israel
by the rivers, and in all the inhabited places of the country. {14} I will
feed them in a good pasture, and upon the high mountains of Israel shall
their fold be: there shall they lie in a good fold, and in a fat pasture
shall they feed upon the mountains of Israel. {15} I will feed my flock,
and I will cause them to lie down, saith the Lord GOD. {16} I will seek
that which was lost, and bring again that which was driven away, and will
bind up that which was broken, and will strengthen that which was sick:
but I will destroy the fat and the strong; I will feed them with judgment.
{17} And as for you, O my flock, thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I judge
between cattle and cattle, between the rams and the he goats. {18} Seemeth
it a small thing unto you to have eaten up the good pasture, but ye must
tread down with your feet the residue of your pastures? and to have drunk
of the deep waters, but ye must foul the residue with your feet? {19} And
as for my flock, they eat that which ye have trodden with your feet; and
they drink that which ye have fouled with your feet. {20} Therefore thus
saith the Lord GOD unto them; Behold, I, even I, will judge between the
fat cattle and between the lean cattle. {21} Because ye have thrust with
side and with shoulder, and pushed all the diseased with your horns, till
ye have scattered them abroad; {22} Therefore will I save my flock, and
they shall no more be a prey; and I will judge between cattle and cattle.
{23} And I will set up one shepherd over them, and he shall feed them,
even my servant David; he shall feed them, and he shall be their shepherd.
{24} And I the LORD will be their God, and my servant David a prince among
them; I the LORD have spoken it. {25} And I will make with them a covenant
of peace, and will cause the evil beasts to cease out of the land: and
they shall dwell safely in the wilderness, and sleep in the woods. {26}
And I will make them and the places round about my hill a blessing; and
I will cause the shower to come down in his season; there shall be showers
of blessing. {27} And the tree of the field shall yield her fruit, and
the earth shall yield her increase, and they shall be safe in their land,
and shall know that I am the LORD, when I have broken the bands of their
yoke, and delivered them out of the hand of those that served themselves
of them. {28} And they shall no more be a prey to the heathen, neither
shall the beast of the land devour them; but they shall dwell safely, and
none shall make them afraid. {29} And I will raise up for them a plant
of renown, and they shall be no more consumed with hunger in the land,
neither bear the shame of the heathen any more. {30} Thus shall they know
that I the LORD their God am with them, and that they, even the house of
Israel, are my people, saith the Lord GOD. {31} And ye my flock, the flock
of my pasture, are men, and I am your God, saith the Lord GOD.
The second is equally helpful in identifying what I believe to be the significance
of Isaiah 11 and 65:
John 10:1-16 Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that entereth not by
the door into the sheepfold, but climbeth up some other way, the same is
a thief and a robber. {2} But he that entereth in by the door is the shepherd
of the sheep. {3} To him the porter openeth; and the sheep hear his voice:
and he calleth his own sheep by name, and leadeth them out. {4} And when
he putteth forth his own sheep, he goeth before them, and the sheep follow
him: for they know his voice. {5} And a stranger will they not follow,
but will flee from him: for they know not the voice of strangers. {6} This
parable spake Jesus unto them: but they understood not what things they
were which he spake unto them. {7} Then said Jesus unto them again, Verily,
verily, I say unto you, I am the door of the sheep. {8} All that ever came
before me are thieves and robbers: but the sheep did not hear them. {9}
I am the door: by me if any man enter in, he shall be saved, and shall
go in and out, and find pasture. {10} The thief cometh not, but for to
steal, and to kill, and to destroy: I am come that they might have life,
and that they might have it more abundantly. {11} I am the good shepherd:
the good shepherd giveth his life for the sheep. {12} But he that is an
hireling, and not the shepherd, whose own the sheep are not, seeth the
wolf coming, and leaveth the sheep, and fleeth: and the wolf catcheth them,
and scattereth the sheep. {13} The hireling fleeth, because he is an hireling,
and careth not for the sheep. {14} I am the good shepherd, and know my
sheep, and am known of mine. {15} As the Father knoweth me, even so know
I the Father: and I lay down my life for the sheep. {16} And other sheep
I have, which are not of this fold: them also I must bring, and they shall
hear my voice; and there shall be one fold, and one shepherd.
John 10:26-28 But ye believe not, because ye are not of my sheep, as
I said unto you. {27} My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they
follow me: {28} And I give unto them eternal life; and they shall never
perish, neither shall any man pluck them out of my hand.
Therefore, my conclusion is that Isaiah represents the time in which Messiah
would come to save His people from the animals that devoured them, which
were the ravenous wolfen Pharisees. Jesus spoke of the Pharisees appropriately:
Matthew 23:13-15 But woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites!
for ye shut up the kingdom of heaven against men: for ye neither go in
yourselves, neither suffer ye them that are entering to go in. {14} Woe
unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye devour widows' houses,
and for a pretence make long prayer: therefore ye shall receive the greater
damnation. {15} Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye
compass sea and land to make one proselyte, and when he is made, ye make
him twofold more the child of hell than yourselves.
One of the main characteristics of the Pharisees was that they tried to
use the law against the people of God, thus imposing heavy burdens upon
them without so much as lifting a finger themselves. David spoke of these
enemies of God describing the force of their tongues:
Psalms 57:3-6 He shall send from heaven, and save me from the reproach
of him that would swallow me up. Selah. God shall send forth his mercy
and his truth. {4} My soul is among lions: and I lie even among them that
are set on fire, even the sons of men, whose teeth are spears and arrows,
and their tongue a sharp sword. {5} Be thou exalted, O God, above the heavens;
let thy glory be above all the earth. {6} They have prepared a net for
my steps; my soul is bowed down: they have digged a pit before me, into
the midst whereof they are fallen themselves. Selah.
This prayer of David comes as no surprise when we consider his failure
with Bathsheba and the murder of her husband. The wicked and self-righteous
Jews probably had a great time bringing the law against David to condemn
him. They continued this until their destruction in AD 70. The adulterous
woman was a great example of their devouring qualities. This is precisely
how Satan was used as the accuser of the brethren. The problem under the
OC was that every accusation that Satan brought through the ravenous wolves
was a valid accusation. For God's people were under the curse of the law
of sin and death. Therefore, what we see under the NC is the accuser of
the brethren cast down, for he and his beastly follower can no longer lay
a charge against God's elect. They cannot bite and devour us. We are safe
from their accusations because Christ has removed the curse of sin and
death. We are no longer a prey for them to devour:
Isaiah 11:6 The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard
shall lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling
together; and a little child shall lead them.
The little child leading them simply could be referring to the ruling nature
of Christians over the world. The passage also speaks of the little child
in proximity to the snake:
Isaiah 11:7-8 And the cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones
shall lie down together: and the lion shall eat straw like the ox. {8}
And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp, and the weaned
child shall put his hand on the cockatrice' den.
Under the OC God's people would be swayed and cut by the devouring and
accusatory words of the self-righteous. They could never respond with the
righteousness of Christ, for that eternal sacrifice had not been made.
Concerning the cockatrice in verse 11, not only did Jesus and John the
Baptist identify the Pharisees as offspring of vipers, Isaiah also described
their characteristics in this long passage:
Isaiah 59:1-15 Behold, the LORD'S hand is not shortened, that it cannot
save; neither his ear heavy, that it cannot hear: {2} But your iniquities
have separated between you and your God, and your sins have hid his face
from you, that he will not hear. {3} For your hands are defiled with blood,
and your fingers with iniquity; your lips have spoken lies, your tongue
hath muttered perverseness. {4} None calleth for justice, nor any pleadeth
for truth: they trust in vanity, and speak lies; they conceive mischief,
and bring forth iniquity. {5} They hatch cockatrice' eggs, and weave the
spider's web: he that eateth of their eggs dieth, and that which is crushed
breaketh out into a viper. {6} Their webs shall not become garments, neither
shall they cover themselves with their works: their works are works of
iniquity, and the act of violence is in their hands. {7} Their feet run
to evil, and they make haste to shed innocent blood: their thoughts are
thoughts of iniquity; wasting and destruction are in their paths. {8} The
way of peace they know not; and there is no judgment in their goings: they
have made them crooked paths: whosoever goeth therein shall not know peace.
{9} Therefore is judgment far from us, neither doth justice overtake us:
we wait for light, but behold obscurity; for brightness, but we walk in
darkness. {10} We grope for the wall like the blind, and we grope as if
we had no eyes: we stumble at noon day as in the night; we are in desolate
places as dead men. {11} We roar all like bears, and mourn sore like doves:
we look for judgment, but there is none; for salvation, but it is far off
from us. {12} For our transgressions are multiplied before thee, and our
sins testify against us: for our transgressions are with us; and as for
our iniquities, we know them; {13} In transgressing and lying against the
LORD, and departing away from our God, speaking oppression and revolt,
conceiving and uttering from the heart words of falsehood. {14} And judgment
is turned away backward, and justice standeth afar off: for truth is fallen
in the street, and equity cannot enter. {15} Yea, truth faileth; and he
that departeth from evil maketh himself a prey: and the LORD saw it, and
it displeased him that there was no judgment.
So the little child in Isaiah is very possibly representing the little
child of God being frail and vulnerable, often not knowing the dangers
of false teaching, nevertheless safe from the venom of false teaching.
We seem to be very good examples of this having come from Arminianism to
the truth of the unconditional and free grace of God.
The other possible interpretation is that all the beasts represented
in Isaiah 11 are referring to the uniting of the Jews and the Gentiles
in Christ Jesus, and that in Christ Jesus there is no difference. We are
all one in the body of Christ. Isaiah 2 prophesied that their would be
no more war under the Messianic reign. Ephesians says that not only is
there peace with God, there is also peace with each other, specifically
that the middle wall of partition has been broken down between Jew and
Gentile. This peace treaty brought about by the the precious blood of Christ
could very well be that which we see in Isaiah 11 as it also says, "they
shall neither hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain." This mountain
corresponds directly with Isaiah 2:
Isaiah 2:1-5 The word that Isaiah the son of Amoz saw concerning Judah
and Jerusalem. {2} And it shall come to pass in the last days, that the
mountain of the Lord's house shall be established in the top of the mountains,
and shall be exalted above the hills; and all nations shall flow unto it.
{3} And many people shall go and say, Come ye, and let us go up to the
mountain of the LORD, to the house of the God of Jacob; and he will teach
us of his ways, and we will walk in his paths: for out of Zion shall go
forth the law, and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem. {4} And he shall
judge among the nations, and shall rebuke many people: and they shall beat
their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks: nation
shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any
more. {5} O house of Jacob, come ye, and let us walk in the light of the
LORD.
Both interpretations have strong arguments. However, the greatest argument
showing the fulfillment of Isaiah 11 is found in Romans 15:
Romans 15:8-12 Now I say that Jesus Christ was a minister of the circumcision
for the truth of God, to confirm the promises made unto the fathers: {9}
And that the Gentiles might glorify God for his mercy; as it is written,
For this cause I will confess to thee among the Gentiles, and sing unto
thy name. {10} And again he saith, Rejoice, ye Gentiles, with his people.
{11} And again, Praise the Lord, all ye Gentiles; and laud him, all ye
people. {12} And again, Esaias saith, There shall be a root of Jesse, and
he that shall rise to reign over the Gentiles; in him shall the Gentiles
trust.
It says that Jesus Christ was a minister...to confirm the promises made
unto the fathers. Luke says the same thing:
Luke 1:68-75 Blessed be the Lord God of Israel; for he hath visited
and redeemed his people, {69} And hath raised up an horn of salvation for
us in the house of his servant David; {70} As he spake by the mouth of
his holy prophets, which have been since the world began: {71} That we
should be saved from our enemies, and from the hand of all that hate us;
{72} to perform the mercy promised unto our fathers, and to remember
his holy covenant; {73} The oath which he sware to our father Abraham,
{74} That he would grant unto us, that we being delivered out of the hand
of our enemies might serve him without fear, {75} In holiness and righteousness
before him, all the days of our life.
Paul in Romans then proceeds to show several promises made to the fathers.
One of these promises comes from Isaiah 11:
Romans 15:12 And again, Esaias saith, There shall be a root of Jesse,
and he that shall rise to reign over the Gentiles; in him shall the Gentiles
trust.
Both of these elements (the Root of Jesse and the Gentiles trusting in
Him) are found in Isaiah. But what is interesting is that one of the elements
is found in Isaiah 11:1:
Isaiah 11:1 And there shall come forth a rod out of the stem of Jesse,
and a Branch shall grow out of his roots:
The other element is found in verse 10:
Isaiah 11:10 And in that day there shall be a root of Jesse, which
shall stand for an ensign of the people; to it shall the Gentiles seek:
and his rest shall be glorious.
This is very interesting because Paul says both are fulfilled through faith
in Jesus Christ. Therefore all the elements in Isaiah 11:2-9 would also
need to be fulfilled if vv.1 and 10 were fulfilled in Christ. This maintains
strength hermeneutically concerning Biblical history, grammar, and context.
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